FRCA Notes


Naloxone


  • Naloxone is a pure opioid antagonist
  • Dose of 100-400mcg (1-4μg/kg) IV for opioid overdose
    • Rapid onset
    • Duration of action is 30-45mins, i.e. shorter than morphine and high-dose fentanyl
    • May require repeated doses or infusions

  • Fully reverses the effect of opioids at MOP (highest affinity), KOP and DOP receptors

Respiratory

  • Pulmonary oedema

Cardiovascular

  • Leads to increased release of endogenous catecholamines which can cause:
    • Hypertension
    • Cardiac arrhythmias

Neurological

  • Antanalgesia in the opioid-naïve patient
  • Can antagonise the effects of nitrous oxide